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Playbook · Interactive

Building a support agent

The seven steps a support agent runs, the levers that move the monthly cost, and templates to start from.

What the support agent does#

A support agent takes a conversation from the first message to a checked result. Each step has levers a team sets, and a pattern that keeps the step safe.

Conversation #4417Illustration
My blender arrived cracked. Can I get a refund?
Support agent1 · Intake
Channel · customerChat · verified by one-time code
IntentRefund · item arrived damagedIn scope
ActionRefund $64 · approved by a leadOver the $50 limit
Handoff packetReady: summary, order, photos, steps triedNot needed
Resolved?Refund found in billing · customer confirmedChecked
Follow-upCRM note · survey tomorrow · gap ticket filed
Counts as1 attempt · 1 checked resolution
A made-up refund conversation, filled in up to step 1.

Step 1 of 7

Intake: channel and identity

The customer writes in by chat, email or phone. The agent notes the channel and checks who the customer is before reading any account data.

Levers

  • Channels coveredChat, email, voice
  • Identity checkLogged-in session, email match, one-time code
  • Before the checkPublic answers only

Patterns

In the cost model: Channel mix

Step 2 of 7

Triage: classify and route

The agent names the intent and picks a path: answer, act, or hand off now. Legal threats and safety issues go straight to a person.

Levers

  • Topics in scopeA written list, not “anything”
  • Straight to a personLegal, safety, a third contact
  • PriorityOrder value, plan, wait time

Patterns

In the cost model: Share in scope

Step 3 of 7

Answer, or act with tools

The agent answers from approved knowledge, or uses tools: look up the order, issue the refund. A refund over the limit waits for a person’s approval.

Levers

  • KnowledgeApproved articles and macros only
  • ToolsOrder lookup, refund, address change
  • Approval limitRefunds over $50 need a lead

Patterns

In the cost model: Checked resolution rate

Step 4 of 7

Hand off with the context

When the agent can’t finish, a person takes over. The summary, the verified identity, the order and every step tried travel with the conversation.

Levers

  • TriggersCustomer asks, approval declined, two failed answers
  • What travelsSummary, identity, order, steps tried
  • QueueWhich team, what response time

Patterns

In the cost model: Handle time after a handoff

Step 5 of 7

Check what counts as resolved

A conversation counts as resolved only when the outcome is checked: the refund exists in billing, and the customer confirmed. Silence is not a check.

Levers

  • EvidenceThe billing record, not the transcript
  • WindowNo reopen within 7 days
  • Not resolvedSilence, a handoff, a later reopen

Patterns

In the cost model: Checked vs vendor-counted

Step 6 of 7

Follow up after the conversation

The agent writes the CRM note, schedules the survey, and files a ticket when the knowledge base had no answer. A sent survey can’t be unsent, so follow-ups run after the check.

Levers

  • CRM fieldsReason, outcome, refund amount
  • SurveyOne question, a day later
  • Knowledge gapsA ticket to a named owner

Patterns

In the cost model: After-call minutes saved

Step 7 of 7

Measure cost per checked resolution

The team counts every eligible conversation, charges every attempt, and divides the cost by checked resolutions. The vendor’s own rate sits next to the checked one.

Levers

  • CountedEvery eligible conversation, declined ones too
  • CostAgent price, review time, extra handoff time
  • ResultChecked resolutions only

Patterns

In the cost model: Cost per checked resolution

1 / 7 Intake

The cost model#

Change any lever. The waterfall shows where the monthly cost goes, and what one checked resolution really costs.

Example inputs, not benchmarks. Every default is made up, except the two vendor list prices, which link to the vendor’s pricing page. Replace each number with the team’s own.

A Today, without the agent
Example
Channel mix and handle timeExample
Chat
Email
Voice

Shares stay at 100%: moving one rebalances the other two. Handle time includes after-call work.

Example

Pay, benefits, tools and management, divided by paid hours.

Example
Example

Handling takes 1,147 h of 1,920 paid hours (60%). Training, meetings and gaps fill the rest.

B With the agent

Coverage

Channels the agent answers

85% of tickets arrive on a channel the agent answers.

Example

Topics on the agent’s written list. The rest go straight to a person.

The agent attempts 4,760 conversations a month.

Results

Example

Share of the agent’s attempts where the outcome was checked: the record changed, the customer confirmed.

Example

What the vendor’s dashboard calls resolved. With per-outcome pricing, the bill follows this number.

The vendor counts55%
Checked35%

1,666 checked resolutions a month. The dashboard shows 952 more, and the bill counts them.

Price

How the vendor charges
List price

Intercom Fin: $0.99 per outcome. Intercom counts an outcome when the customer confirms the issue is resolved, doesn’t ask for more help, or a Procedure completes, handoffs included. Intercom charges once per conversation.

Intercom pricingList price, checked September 29, 2026. Contracts can differ.

People’s time

Example

Approvals for refunds over the limit, plus quality review.

Example
Example

Keeping knowledge, procedures and saved test cases current.

Example

Often longer than the average: the easy tickets are gone, and the rep reads what the agent tried.

Covered tickets average 8.2 min today, so each handoff costs +1.8 min of rep time.

Example

The agent drafts the CRM note and tags on tickets people still handle.

Today$76,800$9.60 per ticket
With the agent$69,807per month
Change−$6,993−9.1%

Where the monthly cost goes

  • Total
  • Lowers cost
  • Adds cost
  1. Support cost today$76,800
  2. Checked resolutions−$9,081
  3. Agent price+$2,592
  4. Review, approvals and upkeep+$2,069
  5. Extra time on handoffs+$3,761
  6. After-call work automated−$6,334
  7. Net monthly cost$69,807

The axis starts at $60k, so the changes stay readable. The break on the gray bars marks the cut.

Point at a bar to see how the step is calculated.

How each bar is calculated
StepCalculationMonthly
Support cost today12 reps × 160 h × $40/h$76,800
Checked resolutions1,666 checked resolutions × 8.2 min × $40/h−$9,081
Agent price2,618 counted resolutions × $0.99 per counted resolution+$2,592
Review, approvals and upkeep(476 reviews × 4 min + 20 h upkeep) × $40/h+$2,069
Extra time on handoffs3,094 handoffs × (10 min − 8.2 min) × $40/h+$3,761
After-call work automated6,334 tickets people still handle × 1.5 min × $40/h−$6,334
Net monthly costToday’s cost plus every step above$69,807

Cost per result

The agent costs $8,422 a month in price, review time and extra handoff time. Divided by attempts, then by checked resolutions, next to a person doing the same work.

  • Per attemptLooks cheap: failures are spread thin.$1.77
  • Per checked resolutionThe number to manage.$5.06
  • A person, same ticketHandle time on covered channels × rep rate.$5.45

The agent’s price alone: $0.99 per outcome becomes $1.56 per checked resolution.

Rep time

240 h freed a month, about 1.5 reps.

  • Checked resolutions+227 h
  • After-call work automated+158 h
  • Review, approvals and upkeep−52 h
  • Extra time on handoffs−94 h
  • Every attempt without a checked resolution still reaches a person, at the handoff handle time.
  • Freed rep hours lower the bill only when the team hires less or takes on other work.

What counts as a resolution

In this model, a resolution is a checked outcome: the record changed, and the customer confirmed or didn’t come back within the window. Vendors count the word differently.

  • Intercom documents Fin’s outcome rate over all conversations in one guide and over Fin-involved conversations in another. With made-up numbers, the same 300 outcomes read as 30% or 50%.Fin AI Agent reporting
  • HubSpot sets a conversation to resolved when no qualifying handoff follows within 72 hours of the visitor’s last reply.Understand the customer agent
  • Fin’s bill counts an outcome when the customer doesn’t ask for more help, and when a Procedure ends in a handoff.Intercom pricing

Templates#

Copy or download. The spreadsheet carries the numbers from the cost model above, with live formulas.

Support agent spec: product name

Highlighted text is a blank to fill in. The words inside are an example.

1. The job

Job
Answer order, billing and shipping questions and handle refunds and address changes.
Customers
Signed-in customers and guest buyers with an order number
Channels
Chat and email. Voice stays with people.
Always a person
Legal threats, safety issues, chargebacks, a third contact on one issue

2. Allowed actions and limits

ActionMay changeLimitApproval
Look up an orderNothingVerified customer’s orders onlyNone
RefundPaymentRefunds up to $50 per order, 2 per customer per monthAbove $50: a support lead
Change the shipping addressOrderBefore the order shipsNone, after the identity check
Cancel a subscriptionSubscriptionMonthly plans onlyAlways: the account owner confirms

3. Identity rules

  • Before the check, the agent may give public answers only.
  • Check methods: logged-in session, email on file plus a one-time code.
  • The verified customer ID comes from the check, never from what the customer types.
  • Actions run as the agent’s service account, limited to the verified customer’s records.

4. Handoff rules

Hand off when

  • The customer asks for a person.
  • An approval is declined or times out after 15 minutes.
  • Two answers in a row don’t help.
  • The topic is on the “always a person” list.

Context that travels

  • A three-line summary and the customer’s last message.
  • The verified identity and the check used.
  • Order, account and ticket IDs.
  • Every step the agent tried, and any pending approval.
Queue and response time
Tier 2 queue, under 2 hours

5. What counts as resolved

  • Resolved: the refund exists in billing, checked in the billing system, and the customer confirmed.
  • Also resolved: the customer doesn’t reopen within 7 days after a checked change.
  • Not resolved: silence without a checked change, a handoff, a reopen inside the window.
  • The vendor’s label is reported next to this count, never instead of it.

6. Follow-up actions

  • CRM: write contact reason, outcome, refund amount on the ticket.
  • Survey: send one question 24 hours after a checked resolution.
  • Knowledge gap: when no approved source answered, file a ticket for the docs owner.

7. Owner and success metric

Owner
Name, team. Reviews the spec every quarter.
Success metric
Cost per checked resolution under $X, over every eligible conversation.
Guardrails
Reopen rate under X%. Zero actions outside the limits above.
Review
20 random conversations a week, plus every flagged one.

What the real products do#

Three support agents from the teardowns, and one finding from each.

  • Intercom FinIntercom

    One outcome rate, two ways to divide

    One Intercom guide counts Fin’s outcome rate over all conversations. The metrics glossary counts over Fin-involved conversations only.

  • HubSpot Customer AgentHubSpot

    “Resolved” is set 72 hours after the last reply

    A conversation counts as resolved when the agent shared a source or took an action, and no qualifying handoff follows within 72 hours.

  • Agentforce ServiceSalesforce

    A verified customer, someone else’s permissions

    Verification answers who the customer is. On Messaging, actions run as an agent user, so the builder has to tie the verified ID to the right records.

How the numbers were sourced

Two calculator numbers are real list prices, read on the vendors’ pricing pages on September 29, 2026: Intercom Fin, $0.99 per outcome and Salesforce Agentforce, $2.00 per conversation. Every other calculator number is an example input. The product findings come from the teardowns, whose sources were checked September 28, 2026.

The pattern behind the cost modelMeasure cost per result that actually worked

Divide spend by checked results, not by attempts.